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Introduction ~
GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG) is open source/free software encryption and signing tool, alternative to the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) suite of cryptographic software. Enigmail is an extension for Mozilla Thunderbird and other Mozilla applications. It provides public key e-mail encryption. Actual cryptographic functionality is handled by GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG,GPG).
Step 1] Install Gnupg or GPG –
* Ubuntu/Debian ~
root@arun:~# apt-get install gnupg gnupg2
* Redhat/Fedora ~
root@arun:~# yum install gnupg gnupg2
Step 2] How to Install Enigmail ?
I assume that Mozilla Thunderbird is already installed on your system. To install “Enigmail” follow following steps
a) Download “Enigmail” from url “http://enigmail.mozdev.org/download/”
Note ~ select OS and Thunderbird version properly.
b) In menu bar of the main Thunderbird window you will see “Tools”. Select this, and then “Add-ons” option. This will bring up a new window listing all of your Thunderbird plug-ins. In the lower left-hand corner of this new window you’ll see a button marked “Install”. Click this button. Tell Thunderbird where you saved the Enigmail .XPI file. and just say “Install” that’s it!!
* Once ‘Enigmail’ is installed restart the Thunderbird. Then you will see “OpenPGP” tab in main menu of Thunderbird.
Step 3] Setup private/public key ~
Enigmail uses public key cryptography to ensure privacy between you and your correspondents. To generate the public/private keys, there is two methods either generate them with the help of “gpg” command line tool or use “enigmail”….
* We will generate private/public cryptographic keys with the help of “enigmail” as shown below….
a) Click on “OpenPGP” in the menu bar of the Thunderbird main window. Select “Key Management”.
b) In Enigmail Key Manager ~ click on “Generate” tab in the menu bar and select “New key pair”.
c) At the very top of the window you will see a combo box showing all of your email addresses. GnuPG will associate your new key with an email address.
Enigmail is just asking you which address you want to use for this key. Select whichever account will be receiving encrypted mail.
NOTE ~ We can use same keys for multiple accounts.
d) You can use passphrase or just check “No passphrase” checkbox to generate keys without passphrase.
e) Create directory to save “Revocation Certificates”…
arunsb@arun:~$ mkdir /home/arunsb/.gpg_key/
f) Click on “Generate key” button to generate keys. done..
To share keys easily you can publish your keys with keyserver.
a) In “Key Management” window select your keys and then click on ‘Keyserver’ tab in main menu and then click on “Upload Public Keys”
Note ~ make sure to check “Display All Keys by Default” checkbox (to list all keys)
Step 4] Compose the mail and sign it ~
Compose the mail and tell Enigmail to sign it. At the top of your Compose window you will see a button reading “OpenPGP”. Click on this. Make sure that the “Sign” option, and only that, is checked. Finally “Send” the mail! (You will be asked for your passphrase. Once you enter it, Enigmail will sign your email and send it if you have generate keys with passphrase else it will not ask)
Enjoy!!
Regards,
Arun Bagul
Dear All,
Today , we are celebrating third anniversary!!. We have successfully completed three years of social contribution in open source and free software movement. I am very much sure that our existence and contribution is recognized and encouraged by many open source and free software contributors (gurus). It was simply impossible without your support, contribution and hard work.
We started with blogging, sharing our knowledge, ideas and even problems!! also. This is helped us to learn new technologies, problem solving skills and many more things.
openlsm Project ~
openslm-0.99 development platform was released on 10th Jun 2009. We got positive response from users,community members, and other open source communities. Please refer the article for more information http://www.indiangnu.org/2009/openlsm-099-released/
Cheers,
IndianGNU.org
Introduction ~
This article is about how to configure TATA Indicom,BSNL and Reliance Broadband+ Netconnect ( EDVO usb modem ) on Ubuntu Linux.
To configure Reliance,BSNL and Tataindicom epi valley usb modem please refer the following article ~
http://www.indiangnu.org/2008/tata-indicom-usb-modem-epi-valley-on-ubuntu-linux/
To configure Tataindicom,Reliance Huawei datacard refer the following article ~
http://www.indiangnu.org/2008/tata-indicom-datacard-huawei-cdma-on-linuxubuntu/
** EVDO ?
EVolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) is a telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals, typically for broadband Internet access. It uses multiplexing techniques including code division multiple access (CDMA) as well as time division multiple access (TDMA)
to maximize both individual user’s throughput and the overall system throughput. It is standardized by (3G) 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards and has been adopted by many mobile phone service providers around the world – particularly those previously employing CDMA networks.
How to configure Reliance Broadband+ Netconnect -
Step 1] Mount USB file system to “/proc/bus/usb” –
root@laptop:~# ls /proc/bus/usb/
root@laptop:~#
* It shows that usbfs is not mounted on “/proc/bus/usb”. To mount run following command….
root@laptop:/var/src/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5# mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
root@laptop:/var/src/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5# ls /proc/bus/usb/
001 002 003 004 005 006 007 devices
root@laptop:/var/src/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5#
Step 2] Get the status of Reliance Broadband+ USB device ~
* lsusb list USB devices connected to PC as well as information about USB buses in the system and the devices connected to them.
* Output before connecting Reliance Broadband+ Netconnect usb modem -
root@laptop:~# lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
…..
root@laptop:~#
* Let’s connect Reliance Broadband+ Netconnect! usb modem -
root@laptop:~# lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 004: ID 19d2:fff5
Bus 005 Device 003: ID 08ff:2580 AuthenTec, Inc. AES2501 Fingerprint Sensor
…..
root@laptop:~#
* Bus 005 Device 004: ID 19d2:fff5 – This shows that the Reliance (EVDO) usb device is detected with Vendor_id 19d2 and product_id fff5
root@laptop:~# cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
T: Bus=07 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=01 Dev#= 23 Spd=12 MxCh= 0
D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1
P: Vendor=19d2 ProdID=fff5 Rev= 0.00
S: Manufacturer=ZTE, Incorporated
S: Product=USB Storage
S: SerialNumber=000000000002
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=c0 MxPwr=100mA
I:* If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usbserial_generic
E: Ad=89(I) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 64 Ivl=0ms
E: Ad=0a(O) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 64 Ivl=0ms
root@laptop:~# dmesg | tail
[15035.656075] usb 7-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 24
[15035.814188] usb 7-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
[15035.827708] scsi10 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
[15035.828851] usb-storage: device found at 24
[15035.828856] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
[15040.831095] usb-storage: device scan complete
[15040.834105] scsi 10:0:0:0: Direct-Access ZTE USB Storage FFF1 2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
[15040.839233] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
[15040.839378] sd 10:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
root@laptop:~#
*** Reliance Broadband+ EVDO USB is detected as “USB storage device” as shown above…
Step 3] How to use Reliance Broadband+ Netconnect as USB Modem -
To use Reliance Broadband+ usb as USB Modem. We need to switch the usb mode of this device with the help of “usb_modeswitch” tool.
Download ~ http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5.tar.bz2
Help – http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/
* Download and extract the “usb_modeswitch” –
root@laptop:/var/src# wget -c http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5.tar.bz2
root@laptop:/var/src# tar xvfj usb_modeswitch-1.0.5.tar.bz2
* Now compile and install –
root@laptop:/var/src/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5# gcc -l usb -o usb_modeswitch usb_modeswitch.c
root@laptop:/var/src/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5# make install
mkdir -p /usr/sbin
install ./usb_modeswitch /usr/sbin
mkdir -p /etc
install –mode=644 ./usb_modeswitch.conf /etc
root@laptop:/var/src/usb_modeswitch-1.0.5#
**** Now configure USB mode switching -
a) Edit configuration file “/etc/usb_modeswitch.conf” -
Just search for vendor and product id eg (19d2 and fff5) in config “/etc/usb_modeswitch.conf” file….
This file contains most of the details. I choose following setting and that work’s for me
root@laptop:~# cat /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf
###################
# ZTE AC8710
#
DefaultVendor= 0×19d2
DefaultProduct= 0xfff5
TargetVendor= 0×19d2
TargetProduct= 0xfff1
MessageContent=”5553424312345678c00000008000069f030000000000000000000000000000″
root@laptop:~#
b) Now run “usb_modeswitch” command to switch the mode of USB device -
root@laptop:~# usb_modeswitch -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf
Step 4] Load “usbserial” module
* Remember in Ubuntu 09.04 the “usbserial” is buildin kernel. To load that module we need to modify “grub.conf” or “menu.lst” GRUB config file
root@laptop:~# cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
title Ubuntu 9.04, kernel 2.6.28-11-generic
uuid c98db8a7-0a2e-4cea-b9d5-43a30c892fb0
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.28-11-generic root=/dev/sda5 ro quiet splash usbserial.vendor=0×19d2 usbserial.product=0xfff1
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.28-11-generic
quiet
….
……
root@laptop:~#
**** Reboot the machine and run the following command
* Output before switch….
root@laptop:~# lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 023: ID 19d2:fff5
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
…..
root@laptop:~#
root@laptop:~# usb_modeswitch -c /etc/usb_modeswitch.conf
* Output after switch….
root@laptop:~# lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 024: ID 19d2:fff1
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
…..
root@laptop:~#
root@laptop:~# usb_modeswitch -v 19d2 -p fff1
Looking for default devices …
Found default devices (1)
Accessing device 004 on bus 005 …
Using endpoints 0×02 (out) and 0×82 (in)
Not a storage device, skipping SCSI inquiry
Device description data (identification)
————————-
Manufacturer: ZTE, Incorporated
Product: ZTE CDMA Tech
Serial No.: not provided
————————-
Warning: no switching method given.
-> Run lsusb to note any changes. Bye.
root@laptop:~#
root@laptop:~# cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
T: Bus=07 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=01 Dev#= 24 Spd=12 MxCh= 0
D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1
P: Vendor=19d2 ProdID=fff1 Rev= 0.00
S: Manufacturer=ZTE, Incorporated
S: Product=ZTE CDMA Tech
C:* #Ifs= 6 Cfg#= 1 Atr=a0 MxPwr=500mA
I:* If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 3 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=ff Driver=(none)
E: Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 16 Ivl=128ms
root@laptop:~# dmesg | tail
[ 70.985075] usbserial_generic 5-1:1.1: generic converter detected
[ 70.985109] usb 5-1: generic converter now attached to ttyUSB1
[ 70.987028] usbserial_generic 5-1:1.2: generic converter detected
[ 70.987064] usb 5-1: generic converter now attached to ttyUSB2
[ 70.989589] usbserial_generic 5-1:1.3: generic converter detected
[ 70.989623] usb 5-1: generic converter now attached to ttyUSB3
[ 70.991023] usbserial_generic 5-1:1.4: generic converter detected
[ 70.991061] usb 5-1: generic converter now attached to ttyUSB4
[ 70.993066] usbserial_generic 5-1:1.5: generic converter detected
[ 70.993109] usb 5-1: generic converter now attached to ttyUSB5
root@laptop:~#
*** It shows that Reliance Broadband+ EVDO usb is detected as CDMA modem
Step 5] Configure wvdail –
* Run “wvdialconf” to detect and edit “/etc/wvdial.conf” confile
root@laptop:~# wvdialconf
Editing `/etc/wvdial.conf’.
Scanning your serial ports for a modem.
Modem Port Scan<*1>: S0 S1
root@laptop:~# cat /etc/wvdial.conf
[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Password = your_mobile_no
Username = your_mobile_no
Phone = #777
PPPP Path = /usr/sbin/pppd
Modem Type = Analog Modem
Stupid Mode = 1
Tonline = 0
Baud = 9600
New PPPD = 1
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
ISDN = 0
root@laptop:~#
* Now it’s time to start surfing…..
root@laptop:~# wvdial &
[1] 21710
root@laptop:~#
root@laptop:~# ifconfig
ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
inet addr:115.184.XX.BB P-t-P:220.224.CC.DD Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:4310 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4347 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
RX bytes:2268618 (2.2 MB) TX bytes:445276 (445.2 KB)
Enjoy,
Arun Bagul
!! Happy Independence Day !!
Dear All,
We are pleased to announce that the openslm-0.99 development platform released on 10th Jun 2009. We are sure that all contributor’s of openlsm and IndianGNU.org community will start coding for openlsm…
* Please don’t forget to test openlsm and give your valuable feedback/suggestion!
community Blog – http://www.indiangnu.org/
Download openlsm ~
* http://openlsm.sourceforge.net/
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=211420
What is openLSM?
openLSM is web-based control panel designed to make administration of website, GNU/Linux and Unix based operating system easy! openLSM handles all aspects of administration in its interface. It is free/open source software under GPL.
How to install openlsm ~
step 1) cd to the source directory
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openlsm
OR
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openlsm --with-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql_config --enable-internal-pcre
--with-geoip=/usr --with-ldap=/usr
make
make install
step 2) openLSM is using 'openlsm' user and group. please create system user and group and set homedir
/usr/local/openlsm or 'prefix' value. Confirm ownership/permission of '/usr/local/openlsm'
directory after installation.
addgroup --system openlsm
adduser --system --home /usr/local/openlsm --shell /bin/false --gid <gid_of_openlsm_group> openlsm
step 3) How to create a self signed certificate for SSL/TLS
dd if=/dev/random of=/tmp/random.dat bs=1024 count=1
$ openssl genrsa -out /usr/local/openlsm/etc/openlsm/ssl/openlsm-certificate.key
-rand /tmp/random.dat 2048
$ openssl req -new -key /usr/local/openlsm/etc/openlsm/ssl/openlsm-certificate.key
-out /usr/local/openlsm/etc/openlsm/ssl/openlsm-certificate.csr
#generate certificate
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -set_serial 1 -in
/usr/local/openlsm/etc/openlsm/ssl/openlsm-certificate.csr
-signkey /usr/local/openlsm/etc/openlsm/ssl/openlsm-certificate.key
-out /usr/local/openlsm/etc/openlsm/ssl/openlsm-certificate.crt
step 4) please check permission, ownership of /usr/local/openlsm directory and file
path in openlsm.conf configuration file...
start openlsm with script in contrib directory…
./contrib/openlsm start
URL ~ http://<server_name_or_ip>:4050/ or
http://<server_name_or_ip>:4060/
enjoy !!
Regards,
IndianGNU & openlsm
Dear All,
We are pleased to announce that tomorrow we are launching openslm-0.99 development platform. We are sure that all contributor’s of openlsm and IndianGNU.org community will start coding for openlsm…
* Please don’t forget to test openlsm and give your valuable feedback/suggestion!
openlsm + Cherokee -
After all ups and down finally openLSM community has decided to use Cherokee for openlsm admin server. We have customized Cherokee as per your requirement.
Thank you,
openLSM and IndianGNU.org
Dear Reader,
Thank you for your patience. IndianGNU.org site was down since past one & half month. I am really sorry for same!!. We moved IndianGNU.org to new hosting provider. Wordpress is also upgraded to new 2.7.1 version with lot of new features. Please provide your feedback if any thing is missed
Thank you,
