Dear All ISROs,

Congratulation for carrying  out Chandrayaan 1 (moon ) mission successfully!!
you guys really rock!! we are proud of you!!

For more information please visit -

http://www.isro.org/chandrayaan/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrayaan_1

Thank you,

Arun Bagul

We are celebrating the second anniversary of IndianGNU.org community!! Many many thanks to all Contributors…

Thank you,
IndianGNU community

An ISO 9660 is file system for CD-ROM media. Which is published (defined) by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO image is an archive file (disk image) of an optical disc (like CD) using a conventional ISO 9660 format that is widely supported by many OS and software.

1] How copy  data from ISO image -

I just downloaded opensolaris ISO  image. and wanted copy data from iso image.

step 1) I downloaded the image in /opensolaris  directory

root@arun:/opensolaris# ls -l
total 700768
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 716881920 2008-08-26 06:21 opensolaris-200805.iso
root@arun:/opensolaris#

step 2) mount the ISO image  as  shown below -

root@arun:/opensolaris# mount -o  loop  /opensolaris/opensolaris-200805.iso   /mnt/
root@arun:/opensolaris#

* Check mount point…

root@arun:/mnt# mount  | grep iso
/opensolaris/opensolaris-200805.iso on /mnt type iso9660 (rw,loop=/dev/loop0)
root@arun:/mnt#

step 3) Go to  mounted directory ie /mnt (in my case) -

root@arun:/opensolaris# cd /mnt/
root@arun:/mnt# ls
bin     boot  bootcd_microroot  COPYRIGHT  dev  devices  jack  LICENSE  mnt  platform  proc
reconfigure  root  solarismisc.zlib  solaris.zlib  system  tmp
root@arun:/mnt#

2] How to create ISO image -

a) using dd command  we can create iso image of CD

dd if=/dev/cdrom  of=/tmp/mycdimgage.iso

b) using mkisofs command we can create iso image of our data in any directories

** mkisofs command -

-R, -rock                               Generate Rock Ridge directory information
-o FILE, -output FILE             Set output ISO file name
-l, -full-iso9660-filenames    Allow full 31 character filenames for ISO9660 names
-max-iso9660-filenames      Allow 37 character filenames for ISO9660 names (violates ISO9660)
-input-charset CHARSET      Local input character for file name conversion
-output-charset CHARSET   Output character set for file name conversion

root@arun:~# mkisofs  -input-charset utf-8  -R -o  /tmp/mycdimage.iso  /mnt/
1.43% done, estimate finish Sun Oct 10 17:53:05 2008
2.86% done, estimate finish Sun Oct 10 17:52:30 2008
…
….
98.56% done, estimate finish Sun Oct 10 17:52:25 2008
Total translation table size: 0
Total rockridge attributes bytes: 22651
Total directory bytes: 159744
Path table size(bytes): 1024
Max brk space used 21000
350039 extents written (683 MB)
root@arun:~#

* checking the Size of ISO image of /mnt directory

root@arun:~# du -sh /tmp/mycdimage.iso
685M    /tmp/mycdimage.iso
root@arun:~#

3] How Burn (copy) ISO image to CD -

cdrecord is the command line tool to burn or write  iso image file to CD

** cdrecord command -

-v                       Verbose i.e show info while burning the disk
-dev=0,0,0        Device number
-multi                 Start multi session disk
-data                  This option required for HP and Sony CD Writer only.
-scanbus            scan the SCSI and IDE buses and exit
-dummy             do everything with laser turned off
-eject                  Ejects the CD when Done
-speed=12                  Writing speed (12x )
-msinfo                        retrieve multi-session info for genisoimage
timeout=                     set the default SCSI command timeout to
/tmp/mycdimage.iso   Name of iso image  which to be burned

* How  to  get Device number ?

root@arun:~# cdrecord -scanbus
scsibus3:
3,0,0   300) ‘MATSHITA’ ‘UJDA775 DVD/CDRW’ ‘1.00′ Removable CD-ROM
….
root@arun:~#

root@arun:~# cdrecord -dev=3,0,0 -multi -data -v -eject -speed=4 /tmp/mycdimage.iso

NOTE - above device naming convention doesn’t work in Ubuntu use device  file directly…

root@arun:~# cdrecord  -dev=/dev/cdrom  -multi -data -v -eject -speed=4 /tmp/mycdimage.iso
…
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
scsidev: ‘/dev/cdrom’
devname: ‘/dev/cdrom’
scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.6
…
….
communication breaks or freezes immediately after that.
FIFO size      : 12582912 = 12288 KB
Track 01: data     0 MB         padsize:  242 KB
Total size:        0 MB (00:04.02) = 302 sectors
Lout start:        1 MB (00:06/02) = 302 sectors

root@arun:~#

** Hey, just mount the CD and see

NOTE - Brasero CD burning (http://www.gnome.org/projects/brasero/) - GNOME tool for writing/burning CD is included in Ubuntu 8.04!!

Thank you,
Arun Bagul

Master Boot Record (MBR) is the 512-byte  boot sector (first sector) of a your a Hard Disk Drive (HDD). MBR contains -
1) Primary Partition table
2) Boot Loader (GRUB/LILO etc)

*** Total Size of MBR is 512 byte and which is divided as shown below…

1) Boot Loader (code) - 446 byte
2) Primary partion table - 64 byte (16 byte * 4)
3) Disk signature & others - 6 byte
4) MBR signature - 2 byte

2] Disk Partitioning - There are two methods/schemes of Disk partitioning

a) MBR Partition Table
b) GUID Partition Table

When a Hard Disk is partitioned with the MBR Partition Table scheme - MBR contains the primary partition entries. Maximum four (4) primary partition or three (3) primary partition and one extended partition can be created. The partition table entries for other secondary partitions are stored in Extended Partition Table. In extended partition, we can create 128 logical partitions.

When a Hard Disk is partitioned with the GUID Partition Table scheme - the Master Boot Record will still contain a partition table, but its only purpose is to indicate the existence of the GUID Table

3] How to read  MBR (Master Boot Record)

root@indiangnu:/home/arun# dd if=/dev/sda  of=/home/arun/MBR.details bs=512 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00014018 s, 3.7 MB/s
root@indiangnu:/home/arun#

root@indiangnu:/home/arun# ls -shl   /home/arun/MBR.details
4.0K -rw-r–r– 1 root root 512 2008-09-28 17:57 /home/arun/MBR.details
root@indiangnu:/home/arun#

** The size of file is 512 byte and it is in binary format

command(1) - od

od command dump files in octal or other format
# od [options] file_name

Options
-a  select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b  select octal bytes
-c  select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-i  select decimal ints
-x  select hexadecimal 2-byte units

** How to convert Binary MBR file data in other format like Hexadecimal format -

arun@indiangnu:~$ od -x /home/arun/MBR.details
0000000 48eb d090 00bc fb7c 0750 1f50 befc 7c1b
0000020 1bbf 5006 b957 01e5 a4f3 bdcb 07be 04b1
0000040 6e38 7c00 7509 8313 10c5 f4e2 18cd f58b
0000060 c683 4910 1974 2c38 f674 b5a0 b407 0203
0000100 00ff 2000 0001 0000 0200 90fa f690 80c2
0000120 0275 80b2 59ea 007c 3100 8ec0 8ed8 bcd0
0000140 2000 a0fb 7c40 ff3c 0274 c288 be52 7d7f
0000160 34e8 f601 80c2 5474 41b4 aabb cd55 5a13
0000200 7252 8149 55fb 75aa a043 7c41 c084 0575
0000220 e183 7401 6637 4c8b be10 7c05 44c6 01ff
0000240 8b66 441e c77c 1004 c700 0244 0001 8966
0000260 085c 44c7 0006 6670 c031 4489 6604 4489
0000300 b40c cd42 7213 bb05 7000 7deb 08b4 13cd
0000320 0a73 c2f6 0f80 ea84 e900 008d 05be c67c
0000340 ff44 6600 c031 f088 6640 4489 3104 88d2
0000360 c1ca 02e2 e888 f488 8940 0844 c031 d088
0000400 e8c0 6602 0489 a166 7c44 3166 66d2 34f7
0000420 5488 660a d231 f766 0474 5488 890b 0c44
0000440 443b 7d08 8a3c 0d54 e2c0 8a06 0a4c c1fe
0000460 d108 6c8a 5a0c 748a bb0b 7000 c38e db31
0000500 01b8 cd02 7213 8c2a 8ec3 4806 607c b91e
0000520 0100 db8e f631 ff31 f3fc 1fa5 ff61 4226
0000540 be7c 7d85 40e8 eb00 be0e 7d8a 38e8 eb00
0000560 be06 7d94 30e8 be00 7d99 2ae8 eb00 47fe
0000600 5552 2042 4700 6f65 006d 6148 6472 4420
0000620 7369 006b 6552 6461 2000 7245 6f72 0072
0000640 01bb b400 cd0e ac10 003c f475 00c3 0000
0000660 0000 0000 0000 0000 a328 228b 0000 0180
0000700 0001 fe07 ffff 003f 0000 1637 0271 0000
0000720 ffc1 fe07 ffff 1676 0271 0d7a 0177 fe00
0000740 ffff fe83 ffff 23f0 03e8 f10c 0002 0000
0000760 ffc1 fe05 ffff 14fc 03eb cfc5 0565 aa55
0001000
arun@indiangnu:~$

** you can also use following command

arun@indiangnu:~$ od -ax /home/arun/MBR.details

Thank you,
Arun Bagul

This PDF  is about BASH shell , Introduction to Bash shell , How command is executed in Bash shell, types of commands  etc  Please  click  here to download…

URL - http://www.slideshare.net/arunbagul/bash-shell-introduction-by-arun-bagul-presentation/

-Arun

==============================

#!/bin/bash
# Shell script to monitor or watch the high cpu-load
# It will send an email to $ADMIN, if the (cpu load is in %) percentage
# of cpu-load is >= 70%
# If you have any suggestion or question please email to ravi<at>indiangnu <dot> org
# set admin email so that you can get email
# set alert level 70% is default
# you can set it to string LOAD with your value

AWK=/bin/awk
SAR=/usr/bin/sar
GREP=/bin/grep
TR=/usr/bin/tr
HEAD=/usr/bin/head
PS=/bin/ps
SORT=/bin/sort
HOSTNAME=indiangnu.org
SED=/bin/sed
LOAD=70
CAT=/bin/cat
MAILFILE=/tmp/mailviews$$
MAILER=/bin/mail
mailto=”ravi@indiangnu.org”
for path in $PATHS
do
CPU_LOAD=`$SAR -P ALL 1 2 | $GREP ‘Average.*all’ | $AWK -F” ” ‘{ print 100.0 -$NF}’`
echo $CPU_LOAD
if [[ $CPU_LOAD > $LOAD ]];
then
PROC=`$PS -eo pcpu,pid -o comm= | $SORT -k1 -n -r | $HEAD -1`
echo “Please check your processess on ${HOSTNAME} the value of cpu load is $CPU_LOAD % & $PROC” > $MAILFILE
$CAT $MAILFILE | $MAILER -s “CPU Load is $CPU_LOAD % on ${HOSTNAME}” $mailto
fi
done

=============================

After  end of  schedule cron job for this script like below

*/30 * * * * /bin/sh /root/cpuload.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

Thanks

Ravi

For setting up smarthost you have to add open relay smtp in your /etc/hosts
111.111.111.111 smtp.yourdomain.com
222.222.222.222 smtp.yourdomain.com

Now open /etc/mail/sendmail.mc
and find SMART_HOST
edit with your smtp domain, example below

define(`SMART_HOST’, `smtp.yourdomain.com’)dnl

now add belows 4 line at the end of /etc/mail/sendmail.mc above “MAILER(smtp)dnl”

FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl
FEATURE(`genericstable’)dnl
GENERICS_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain’)dnl
FEATURE(`authinfo’, `hash /etc/mail/authinfo’)

save and close the sendmail.mc file

Now follow the steps below

$ vi /etc/mail/genericstable
root ravi@yourdomain.com

arun arun@yourdomain.com

list your users, default is root, save and exit

now run the following command.
$ makemap hash /etc/mail/genericstable < /etc/mail/genericstable

$ vi /etc/init.d/authinfo
AuthInfo:smtp.yourdomain.com “U:arun@smtp.yourdomain.com” “I:arun” “P:password” “M:LOGIN PLAIN”

save and exit authinfo and run
makemap hash /etc/mail/authinfo < /etc/mail/authinfo
chmod 600 /etc/mail/authinfo

Now apply all changes to sendmail.cf to run following command

$ make -C /etc/mail

and last restart the sendmail service
service sendmail restart ; chkconfig sendmail on

Now you can send emails from command line using your external smtp server.

Thanks

Ravi

- IndianGNU.org

]]> http://www.indiangnu.org/2008/happy-independence-day/feed/ http://www.indiangnu.org/2008/tata-indicom-datacard-huawei-cdma-on-linuxubuntu/ http://www.indiangnu.org/2008/tata-indicom-datacard-huawei-cdma-on-linuxubuntu/#comments Mon, 21 Jul 2008 06:44:24 +0000 Arun Bagul http://www.indiangnu.org/2008/07/21/tata-indicom-datacard-huawei-cdma-on-linuxubuntu/ Introduction -  Two days back I brought TATA Indicom datacard! As I am Ubuntu user. I wanted to use this datacard on Ubuntu Linux!  PPP is the Point to Point protocol used for establishing internet links over dial-up modems, DSL connections, and many other types of point-to-point links. The pppd daemon works together with the kernel PPP driver to establish and maintain a PPP link with another system (called the peer) and to  negotiate Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for each end of the link. pppd daemon can also authenticate the peer and/or supply authentication information to the peer.

What you need to use Tataindicom datacard on Ubuntu Linux ?

make sure that two kernel module ie ‘usbserial‘ and ‘usbcore‘ are loaded!

root@arun:~# modinfo usbserial
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.24-16-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/serial/usbserial.ko
license:        GPL
description:    USB Serial Driver core
author:         Greg Kroah-Hartman, greg@kroah.com, http://www.kroah.com/linux/
srcversion:     FE4A4FC2C18B17DDD77E8C6
depends:        usbcore
vermagic:       2.6.24-16-generic SMP mod_unload 586
parm:           vendor:User specified USB idVendor (ushort)
parm:           product:User specified USB idProduct (ushort)
parm:           debug:Debug enabled or not (bool)
root@arun:~#

root@arun:~# modinfo usbcore
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.24-16-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/core/usbcore.ko
license:        GPL
srcversion:     E8DACA0029626C336D1A513
alias:          usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic09isc*ip*
alias:          usb:v*p*d*dc09dsc*dp*ic*isc*ip*
depends:
vermagic:       2.6.24-16-generic SMP mod_unload 586
parm:           usbfs_snoop:true to log all usbfs traffic (bool)
parm:           blinkenlights:true to cycle leds on hubs (bool)
parm:           old_scheme_first:start with the old device initialization scheme (bool)
parm:           use_both_schemes:try the other device initialization scheme if the first one fails (bool)
parm:           autosuspend:default autosuspend delay (int)
root@arun:~#

* To use datacard (which is ppp link) you need to install two packages ie ppp daemon and wvdial as dialer!

root@arun:~# dpkg -l | grep  wvdial
ii  wvdial                                     1.60.1                             PPP dialer with built-in intelligence
root@arun:~# dpkg -l | grep  ppp
ii  ppp                                        2.4.4rel-9ubuntu2                  Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) daemon
ii  pppconfig                                  2.3.17ubuntu1                      A text menu based utility for configuring pp
ii  pppoeconf                                  1.17ubuntu1                        configures PPPoE/ADSL connections
root@arun:~#

on Ubuntu you need to install above packages

How to configure ? -

” wvdialconf ” command is available on Ubuntu, which will  detect you modem and it’s related stuff  and  this command will generate or updates the configuration file “/etc/wvdial.conf”

root@arun:~# wvdialconf
root@arun:~#

* After running above command just update user name and password in “/etc/wvdial.conf” configuration file

root@arun:~# cat /etc/wvdial.conf

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Modem Type = Analog Modem
Phone = Phone_number like (#xxx)
ISDN = 0
Username = USERNAME
Password = PASSWORD
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Baud = 9600
root@arun:~#

** you can also edit this file manually just refer the man pages for more details!

root@arun:~# man wvdialconf
root@arun:~# man wvdial.conf

arun@arun:~$ man wvdial

root@arun:~# cat /etc/wvdial.conf

[Dialer TataIndicom]
Stupid Mode = 1
Inherits = Modem0
New PPPD = yes
Phone = Phone_number like (#xxx)
Username = USERNAME
Password = PASSWORD

[Modem0]
Init1 = ATZ
SetVolume = 0
Modem Type = Analog Modem
Modem = /dev/ttyUSB0
Dial Command = ATDT
Baud = 115200 or 9600 (depends on support)
FlowControl = Hardware (CRTSCTS)

root@arun:~#

** How to use it or dial!!

1) Now it’s time to check your luck! If you are using default conf file created by ” wvdialconf ” command just use below command…

root@arun:~#  wvdial > /var/log/tataindicom.log  2>&1  &

OR
root@arun:~# wvdial

…..
root@arun:~#

root@arun:~# tail -f /var/log/tataindicom.log
OK
–> Sending: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
OK
–> Modem initialized.
–> Sending: ATDT#***
–> Waiting for carrier.
ATDT#777
CONNECT 230400
–> Carrier detected.  Waiting for prompt.

–> Don’t know what to do!  Starting pppd and hoping for the best.
–> Starting pppd at Sat Jun 20 21:56:51 2008
–> Pid of pppd: 7152
–> Using interface ppp0
–> pppd: X�[06][08]��[06][08]
–> local  IP address 219.80.X.X
–> pppd: X�[06][08]��[06][08]
–> remote IP address 173.B.C.D
….
…..
root@arun:~#

2) If you have manually edited your conf file as shown above then use below command

root@arun:~#  wvdial TataIndicom
..
….
root@arun:~#

** Now check ppp0 interface is available

root@arun:~# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:256 (256.0 B)  TX bytes:492 (492.0 B)
Base address:0×4020 Memory:e4600000-e4620000

ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
inet addr:219.80.X.X  P-t-P:173.B.C.D  Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1400  Metric:1
RX packets:1574 errors:1 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1644 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
RX bytes:556116 (543.0 KB)  TX bytes:179325 (175.1 KB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
…
…..

root@arun:~#

root@arun:~# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
173.B.C.D       *               255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 ppp0
default         *               0.0.0.0         U     0      0        0 ppp0
root@arun:~#

** Check pppd daemon and how to start/stop/status the connection ?

root@arun:~# /etc/init.d/tataindicom 
Usage: /etc/init.d/tataindicom {start|stop|status}
root@arun:~#

root@arun:~# /etc/init.d/tataindicom   start
Starting the TATA Indicom datacard service..
log file is /var/log/tataindicom.log
…
Done.
root@arun:~#

root@arun:~# /etc/init.d/tataindicom   status
TATA Indicom datacard -
Dailer :: 7144    /usr/bin/wvdial
pppd daemon :: 7152   /usr/sbin/pppd  9600 modem crtscts defaultroute usehostname -detach user internet noipdefault call wvdial usepeerdns idle 0 logfd 6
root@arun:~#

root@arun:~# /etc/init.d/tataindicom  stop
killing pppd daemon and dailer…
…
Done.
root@arun:~#

command(1) pppd  - point to point daemon

Frequently used options -
ttyname
Use the serial port called ttyname to communicate with the peer.  If ttyname does not begin  with  a  slash  (/),  the  string  “/dev/”  is
prepended  to  ttyname to form the name of the device to open.  If no device name is given, or if the name of the terminal connected to the
standard input is given, pppd will use that terminal, and will not fork to put itself in the background.

speed  An  option  that  is  a  decimal number is taken as the desired baud rate for the serial device.

crtscts
Specifies that pppd should set the serial port to use hardware flow control using the RTS and CTS signals in the RS-232 interface.  If nei‐
ther  the  crtscts,  the nocrtscts, the cdtrcts nor the nocdtrcts option is given, the hardware flow control setting for the serial port is
left unchanged.  Some serial ports (such as Macintosh serial ports) lack a true RTS output. Such serial ports use this  mode  to  implement
unidirectional  flow control. The serial port will suspend transmission when requested by the modem (via CTS) but will be unable to request
the modem to stop sending to the computer. This mode retains the ability to use DTR as a modem control line.

defaultroute
Add a default route to the system routing tables, using the peer as the gateway, when IPCP negotiation  is  successfully  completed.   This
entry is removed when the PPP connection is broken.  This option is privileged if the nodefaultroute option has been specified.

usehostname
Enforce  the  use  of the hostname (with domain name appended, if given) as the name of the local system for authentication purposes (over‐
rides the name option).

call name
Read additional options from the file /etc/ppp/peers/name.  This file may contain privileged options, such as noauth, even if pppd  is  not
being  run  by  root.   The  name  string  may  not  begin with / or include .. as a pathname component

noipdefault
Disables the default behaviour when no local IP address is specified, which is to determine (if possible) the local  IP  address  from  the
hostname.   With  this option, the peer will have to supply the local IP address during IPCP negotiation (unless it specified explicitly on
the command line or in an options file).

nodetach
Don’t detach from the controlling terminal.  Without this option, if a serial device other than the terminal on the standard input is spec‐
ified, pppd will fork to become a background process.

usepeerdns
Ask the peer for up to 2 DNS server addresses.  The addresses supplied by the peer (if any) are passed to the /etc/ppp/ip-up script in  the
environment  variables  DNS1  and  DNS2,  and  the  environment  variable  USEPEERDNS  will  be set to 1.  In addition, pppd will create an
/etc/ppp/resolv.conf file containing one or two nameserver lines with the address(es) supplied by the peer.

user USERNAME
Sets the name used for authenticating the local system to the peer to name.

idle N Specifies that pppd should disconnect if the link is idle for N seconds.  The link is idle when no data packets (i.e. IP packets) are being
sent or received.  Note: it is not advisable to use this option with the persist option without the demand option.

logfd N
Send log messages to file descriptor N.  Pppd will send log messages to at most one file or file descriptor (as well  as  sending  the  log
messages  to syslog), so this option and the logfile option are mutually exclusive.  The default is for pppd to send log messages to stdout
(file descriptor 1), unless the serial port is already open on stdout.

root@arun:~# cat  /etc/ppp/peers/wvdial
noauth
name wvdial
usepeerdns
root@arun:~#

** Want to see the code  of “/etc/init.d/tataindicom” ?

root@arun:~# cat /etc/init.d/tataindicom
#!/bin/bash

case “$1″ in

start)
echo “Starting the TATA Indicom datacard service..”
/usr/bin/wvdial > /var/log/tataindicom.log 2>&1  &
echo “log file is /var/log/tataindicom.log”
echo “…”
echo “Done.”
;;

stop)
echo “killing pppd daemon and dailer…”
kill -9 $(ps auxwww  |  grep “$(which wvdial)”  | grep -v grep | awk  ‘{print $2}’)
kill -9 $(ps auxwww  |  grep “$(which pppd)”  | grep -v grep | awk  ‘{print $2}’)
echo “…”
echo “Done.”
;;
status)
echo “TATA Indicom datacard -”
pid_of_dailer=$( ps auxwww  |  grep “$(which wvdial)”  | grep -v grep | awk  ‘{print $2}’)
pid_of_pppd=$(ps auxwww  |  grep “$(which pppd)”  | grep -v grep | awk  ‘{print $2}’)
pppd_details=”$(ps auxwww | grep “$(which pppd)” | grep -v grep   | awk -F’pppd’  ‘{print $2}’)”
echo -e “Dailer :: $pid_of_dailer    $(which wvdial)”
echo -e “pppd daemon :: $pid_of_pppd   $(which pppd) $pppd_details”
;;
*)
echo “Usage: /etc/init.d/tataindicom {start|stop|status}”
exit 1
esac
exit 0
root@arun:~#

Thank you,
Arun Bagul